Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: an overview and prevention approaches

Abstract

Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurs as a consequence of prompt during the luteal phase of ovulation. The syndrome manifests primarily as ascites and pleural effusion, with pericardial effusion occurring rarely. Severe forms accompanied by electrolyte changes, cardiac, hepatic, renal, and hemodynamic problems linked with increased thromboembolic risk. Main bodyInflammatory mediators, human chorionic gonadotropin, and vascular endothelial growth factor are all included in the pathophysiology of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Many risk factors affect the syndrome such as body weight, polycystic ovary syndrome, previous OHSS, estradiol level, etc. There are primary and secondary prevention methods to reduce the occurrence of the syndrome. ConclusionIn GnRH antagonist cycles, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger & GnRH agonist triggering have been identified as the most efficient measures for OHSS prevention. Coadministration of dopaminergic agonist & mild ovarian stimulation was demonstrated to be safe & efficacious.Keywords: Ovarian hyperstimulation, Human chorionic gonadotropin, GnRH agonist, GnRH antagonist, and Estradiol.