Osgood-Schlatter Disease in Nigerian Adolescents: A Retrospective Review

Abstract

Objectives Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a common cause of anterior knee pain in adolescents. Local data on OSD is scarce in sub-Saharan African populations, including Nigeria. This study aimed to analyze the demographic, clinical, radiological, and treatment patterns of OSD in a Nigerian population. Methods This was a retrospective review of 25 patients aged 10–15 years diagnosed with OSD at a rural tertiary hospital in Nigeria from January 2017 to December 2024. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, sports participation, imaging findings, and treatment were analyzed. Results The mean age was 12.52 ± 1.29 years, with a male predominance of 68%. Bilateral knee involvement was observed in 40% of cases, and 88% of patients participated in sports, primarily soccer and running. All patients experienced anterior knee pain, which was exacerbated by kneeling (100%) and squatting (100%). Knee swelling was present in 76% of cases, while gait abnormalities were noted in 40% of patients. The mean duration of knee pain before presentation was 6.36 ± 3.88 months. Radiographic findings included enlarged tibial tuberosity (88%), soft tissue swelling (76%), irregular tibial apophysis (64%), and separation of the tibial tubercle (52%). All patients received conservative management, with 100% achieving complete resolution. Conclusion The findings on OSD in Nigerian adolescents align with global trends, showing male predominance and high sports participation. Conservative treatments remain highly effective, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and early diagnosis to prevent chronic complications.