Orthopaedic Surgery Interventions in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria: An Analysis of Patient Sociodemographics and Comorbidities

Abstract

Background: Orthopaedic surgical procedures account for a substantial part of the global surgical burden. This study evaluates the demographics, indications, types, and comorbidities in patients who underwent orthopaedic interventions at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, between January 2019 and December 2024. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using data collected from the theatre registers and case notes at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. A total of 450 entries were reviewed, with analyses focusing on 431 complete entries. Sociodemographic information, intervention data, and comorbidities were collected and categorized accordingly. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the analysis. Results: Mean age of patients was 40.7 (22.6) years. Male patients constituted 59.2% of the cohort. The most common age group for surgery was 31-40 years (18.6%). The vast majority of interventions performed were elective (86.8%), with lower limb fractures being the leading indication (46.2%). Surgical procedures were predominantly open reduction and internal fixation (38.1%). No significant association between sex and type of surgery. Statistically significant differences in mean ages across comorbidities (p < 0.001). Higher likelihood of elective surgery among patients from lower socioeconomic statuses (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights critical trends in demographic and clinical characteristics among patients undergoing orthopaedic interventions. Significant association between comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and orthopaedic surgery interventions.