Optimization of Design Parameters of a Fired Clay Plate Evaporative Heat Exchanger for Air Cooling in Hot and Dry Climates

Abstract

<p>This study focuses on the optimization of design parameters of an innovative evaporative heat exchanger based on fired clay plates, named “Argiclim,” with the aim of maximizing its air cooling performance in hot and dry climates, such as those prevailing in the Sahel region, where temperatures frequently exceed 40 °C with low relative humidity (74 %). By combining rigorous experimental data collected in the field and advanced numerical simulations performed using specialized software such as COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB, this research thoroughly investigates the influence of key parameters. These include the spacing between the plates (tested from 2 to 5.5 cm), the air flow velocity through the system (ranging from 0.2 to 4 m/s), as well as the inlet air temperature (35 to 45 °C) and relative humidity, reflecting local climatic conditions. The results reveal an optimal thermal effectiveness of 94 %, achieved with a plate spacing of 2 cm, enabling a significant air temperature reduction of 15 °C (from 44 °C to 29 °C), while the outlet relative humidity reaches 95 %. These performances position Argiclim as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to the climatic challenges faced by arid regions. Furthermore, the study provides practical recommendations for adapting the system, particularly by managing the high outlet humidity through devices such as ventilation or desiccation systems. This would broaden its potential applications, ranging from rural housing to public infrastructure, offering a viable alternative to conventional air conditioners in these demanding environments.</p>