article
This study investigates the optimization of hybrid photovoltaic, wind, and battery energy systems in Morocco, focusing on the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region. Using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, the optimal configuration of these systems has been determined, yielding a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of $0.1088/kWh, a Loss of Load Probability (LLP) of 0.0099, and an Annual Cost of Electricity (CAS) of $78,663.80. Results indicate that a balanced integration of solar and wind energy, supported by robust battery storage, can significantly enhance system reliability and cost efficiency. The study emphasizes the necessity of adaptive energy management strategies aligned with local climate conditions to support Morocco's transition to sustainable energy.
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DOI: 10.1109/cist65886.2025.11224228
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