Optimally improved microstrip patch antenna bandwidth enhancement for wireless power transfer applications

Abstract

Research into Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) has gained a lot of ground because of increasing applications fuelled by its small size, lightweight, and lower costs. The MPA has it fair share of limitations which include: narrow bandwidth, maximum gain, low efficiency, low power handling capability, and poor isolation between feed and patch. The drive the current thrust of research on it. MPA in its conventional form produces a narrow-bandwidth structure of about 1–2%. This characteristic of MPA makes it undesirable for many applications where wider bandwidth is required. In the last few decades, many approaches have been taken in an attempt to overcome this challenge. In order to increase the impedance bandwidth, this work use several different centre frequencies (900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2.45 GHz), shapes, and miniaturisation methods Rectangular Miniaturised Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMMPA) and Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) and optimally placed using pattern search algorithms. The results were obtained based the optimal bandwidth-enhanced design excelled with an 80 MHz bandwidth at 0.92 GHz (-24.2 dB), an impressive 790 MHz bandwidth at 1.8 GHz (-14.3 dB), and a 50 MHz bandwidth at 2.45 GHz (-13.1 dB), which indicates about 1.25-51% wider bandwidth structure from the optimal response. The wider bandwidth is essential for MPAs to accommodate the diverse frequency requirements of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems and to enhance their performance metrics, making them more versatile and effective in various applications.