Optimal Sizing of an On-Grid Hydrogen Buses Station for Sustainable Heavy Transport in Public Transport in Ajaccio

Abstract

Cities like Ajaccio are actively transitioning to cleaner transportation options and aiming to reduce their dependence on diesel and gasoline vehicles. In Ajaccio, there are plans to fully electrify heavy mobility, primarily by converting public service buses from diesel to hydrogen. However, hydrogen buses require a suitable charging infrastructure to meet their energy demands and ensure reliability. While fossil fuels are commonly used for power production, they are expensive and contribute to pollution. Therefore, utilizing solar energy sources for the hydrogen bus charging stations (HBCS) presents an attractive solution. Photovoltaic energy from solar panels can bring significant socio-economic benefits to islands. The aim of this study is to forecast energy demand and optimize the sizing of a solar system combined with grid support for charging hydrogen buses using the NSGA-II evolutionary algorithm. The relevance of system sizing and criteria fulfillment is assessed through the analysis of optimal configurations, with results discussed in detail. This optimization is designed to ensure efficient energy use, reliable power supply, and a sustainable solution for the transportation sector. By integrating solar power, Ajaccio can improve energy resilience, lower emissions, and advance towards a more sustainable future.