Off-Grid Photovoltaic Solar Design Systems for Improved Grid Performance

Abstract

A solar powered system, often known as a photovoltaic (PV) system, is an electric power system that uses solar radiation to generate usable solar energy for household consumption. In this paper, the authors designed an off-grid energy distribution system, utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to build a model that predicts, on a monthly basis, the average daily global sun radiation on a horizontal region of ground base using meteorological data which include the earth's temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall and ambient air quality. The authors discussed the issues in implementing software defined network (SDN) in the energy distribution, energy demand response, energy optimization and real-time monitoring required for load balancing. The SDN integration offered solutions that renewable energy technology could bring in the future technology-based electricity network driven by automation, communication, and internet of things (IoT) connectivity in the off grid implementation.