Obeticholic Acid and Edaravone Protect Against Cisplatin‐Induced Hepatotoxicity Through Modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, TNF‐α/NF‐κB, and AKT/GSK‐3β Pathways

Abstract

Hepatotoxicity is one of the most crucial side effects of chemotherapy administration. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a semisynthetic bile acid and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist derived from chenodeoxycholic acid, with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in liver disorders. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of OCA against commonly used chemotherapy cisplatin (CP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as well as the modulatory effects of edaravone (EDA), a potent free radical scavenger, on its effects. Rats were divided into five groups: control (received vehicle), CP (7.5 mg/kg), EDA (30 mg/kg) + CP, OCA (30 mg/kg) + CP, and EDA + OCA + CP. The results of the present study demonstrated that both OCA and EDA significantly mitigated liver damage caused by CP, as evidenced by restoring liver enzymes and histological structure, reestablishment of oxidant/antioxidant status, suppression of inflammation, and attenuation of pro-death signaling. The study highlights the role of key molecular pathways, including Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1,HO-1, TNF-α/NF-κB, and AKT/GSK-3β, in the hepatoprotective mechanisms of OCA. Collectively, these findings suggest that OCA and EDA, particularly in combination, attenuate CP-induced hepatotoxicity and are associated with coordinated modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and AKT/GSK-3β-associated pro-survival/pro-death pathways.