Nutritional, Anti-inflammatory, and in-silico inhibitory Studies of Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) on HER2 breast cancer protein

Abstract

This study evaluated the phytochemical, nutritional, anti-inflammatory, and <i>in-silico</i> anticancer properties of <i>T. versicolor</i> and <i>F. velutipes</i>. Phytochemical screening revealed high levels of phenols, saponins, and flavonoids in both species. Nutritional profiling showed <i>F.velutipes</i> had higher energy (491.57 kcal/100 g), protein (24.71%), and fiber (15.12%) contents when compared to <i>T. versicolor</i> (426.73 kcal/100 g, 19.66% protein, 12.42% fiber). Both species contained significant potassium, magnesium, calcium, and vitamins (A, B2, C), with <i>F. velutipes</i> exhibiting significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration of vitamin C (77.54 mg/100 g) while <i>T. versicolor</i> also showed significantly higher vitamin B2 (2.46 mg/100 g) values. Anti-inflammatory assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation, with <i>T. versicolor</i> achieving 62.5% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and <i>F. velutipes</i> outperforming prednisolone (28.65 vs. 12.16 μg/mL IC₅₀ value). <i>In-silico</i> molecular docking against HER2 revealed promising anticancer potential: rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol from <i>T. versicolor</i> exhibited binding affinities (-5.88 to -5.78 kcal/mol) comparable to doxorubicin (-5.43 kcal/mol), while <i>F. velutipes</i> compounds orientin and catechin showed affinities of -5.24 and -5.70 kcal/mol. In conclusion, <i>T. versicolor</i> and <i>F. velutipes</i> contain diverse bioactive phytochemicals, a rich nutritional profile and significant anti-inflammatory activity and demonstrate promising anticancer potential in <i>in-silico</i> analysis, highlighting their potential as functional foods with therapeutic relevance.