Numerical study of the free convection of a hybrid nano-fluid filling a three-dimensional cavity exposed to a horizontal magnetic field

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> This work presents a numerical study of the effect of a horizontal magnetic field on free convection inside a three-dimensional enclosure filled with a hybrid nanofluid. The transport equations are discretized by the finite volume method. The SIMPLEC algorithm was used to couple the velocity and pressure fields. The vertical walls are heated differently and the horizontal walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The effects of Rayleigh number, volumetric fraction of particles and Hartmann number are studied. The results are given in the form of isotherms, streamlines and Nusselt numbers. It has been shown that for low Hartmann numbers the heat transfer intensifies with an increasing percentage of particles and a higher Rayleigh number. In addition, for low Hartmann numbers, it has been shown that the heat transfer intensifies with an increasing percentage of particles and a higher Rayleigh number. In return, for high Hartmann numbers, heat transfer decreases under the influence of the magnetic field.