Numerical simulation of electromagnetic fields in HVDC transmission lines: realistic case studies of 500 kV and 800 kV systems

Abstract

While HVAC systems have evolved through advanced designs such as BOLD and compact high surge impedance lines to enhance performance and reduce right-of-way requirements, HVDC remains the preferred solution for long-distance bulk power transmission due to its lower losses, better controllability, and ability to interconnect asynchronous grids. This study investigates the electromagnetic fields generated by bipolar HVDC transmission lines based on two realistic configurations: 500 kV and 800 kV. The lateral profiles of magnetic and electric field strengths at one-meter height above ground are calculated using the Biot–Savart equation and the Charge Simulation Method (CSM), respectively. Additionally, the induced voltage on nearby metallic structures (both aboveground and underground) is also calculated to assess potential safety hazards and electromagnetic interference with surrounding infrastructure. The results reveal significant differences between the two configurations, underscoring the need for optimized HVDC system design to mitigate environmental and health risks. Magnetic field analysis at different current levels illustrates the influence of current variation on field strength, while electric field simulations at various tower heights demonstrate the role of geometry in field dispersion. These insights support the development of HVDC designs that align with international safety standards and enhance the efficiency and safety of future transmission networks.