article · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
This study evaluates the cooling performance and entropy generation of a graphene quantum dots nanofluid flowing through a microchannel heat sink designed with ribs and secondary flow channels. Using a three-dimensional numerical simulation, the investigation analyses coolant behaviour across concentrations up to 0.5 percent and Reynolds numbers between 100 and 500, incorporating temperature-dependent properties. Compared to base fluids, the nanofluid reduces the maximum wall temperature by 5.88 Kelvin and boosts the heat transfer coefficient by 24.9 percent. Although the pressure drop rises by 43 percent, overall thermodynamic efficiency improves, showing a 14.7 percent decrease in total entropy generation. The highest gain in performance evaluation criteria reaches 10.8 percent at a Reynolds number of 100 and a 0.5 percent concentration, highlighting these parameters as optimal for heat dissipation in electronic components.
Effective cooling is critical to maintain the performance and operational lifespan of modern electronic chips. Traditional cooling liquids often struggle to remove intense heat loads efficiently. By demonstrating that carbon-based quantum dot nanofluids can enhance heat dissipation while cutting energy destruction in specialised microchannel heat sinks, this work shows a viable route towards better thermal management for compact computing hardware.
This simulation work could enable improved liquid-cooling designs for electronic chip manufacturers and thermal management engineers. The findings pinpoint operating parameters that balance heat transfer gains against pumping power penalties. Because the study relies entirely on numerical modelling rather than physical prototyping or experimental validation, it represents early-stage research that requires physical fabrication and testing before practical adoption.
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Efficient heat dissipation from electronic chips is essential for enhancing their performance and longevity. Significant progress has been achieved through the introduction of nanofluids and microchannel heat sinks. However, there is still a need for nanofluids that demonstrate exceptional thermal properties and stability. Graphene quantum dots nanofluid, an innovative carbon-based coolant with zero-dimensional nanostructures, presents promising features such as excellent chemical stability, surfactant-free preparation, superior thermal properties, and minimal impact on rheological characteristics. This study explores, for the first time, the hydrothermal behavior and entropy generation of graphene quantum dots nanofluid in a microchannel heat sink comprising secondary flow channels and ribs. To this end, a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model is built using ANSYS Fluent software, and the governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. The simulations are carried out considering temperature-dependent thermophysical properties under different concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.5 % and Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 500. The results reveal that the maximum bottom wall surface temperature decreases by 5.88 K, while the heat transfer coefficient improves by 24.9 % compared to the base fluid. Moreover, the total entropy generation reduces by 14.7 %. On the other hand, the pressure drop increases by 43 %. Overall, the highest increment in Performance Evaluation Criteria is 10.8 % at a Reynolds number of 100 and a concentration of 0.5 %, making this particular condition suitable for practical applications. • The hydrothermal and entropy generation attributes of GQDs NF in a MCHS are numerically investigated. • The maximum temperature reduces by 5.88K, while the h improved by 24.9 % at Re = 100, and ϕ = 0.5 %. • Utilizing NF with ϕ = 0.5 % at Re = 100 enhances thermal characteristics while experiencing minimal increase in pressure drop. • At Re = 100, when the ϕ increases from 0 to 0.5 %, a 14.7 % decrease in the total entropy generation is obtained.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104894
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