article · Micromachines
Ionic fluids offer operational advantages over conventional solvents by simplifying product separation and catalyst recycling in two-phase systems. A numerical investigation examines the behaviour of an unsteady, electroviscous ternary hybrid nanofluid moving between squeezing parallel infinite plates. This fluid incorporates titanium dioxide, aluminium oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles suspended in a glycol and water base. The model incorporates the influences of magnetic fields, internal heat generation or absorption, chemical reactions, and activation energy. Mathematical equations describing the flow were converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations and resolved using the parametric continuation method. The findings demonstrate that adding ternary nanoparticles elevates both fluid velocity and the rate of energy transfer. Furthermore, increases in the Lewis number, activation energy, and chemical reaction parameters directly enhance mass transfer rates within the system.
Optimising heat and mass transfer is critical for designing efficient industrial and engineering processes. Understanding how ternary hybrid nanofluids behave under magnetic, thermal, and chemical influences allows engineers to assess their capability to enhance thermal performance. Such insights assist in evaluating novel fluid formulations that combine multiple nanoparticle types to improve cooling and reaction efficiency in fluid systems.
The abstract targets generic industrial and engineering applications requiring enhanced energy and mass transfer rates. Potential end users include process engineers and system designers working with thermal management or chemical reaction systems. Because the findings stem entirely from numerical simulations and mathematical modelling of idealised flow between parallel plates, the technology is early-stage research and remains distant from practical commercial deployment without physical prototyping and experimental testing.
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Despite the recycling challenges in ionic fluids, they have a significant advantage over traditional solvents. Ionic liquids make it easier to separate the end product and recycle old catalysts, particularly when the reaction media is a two-phase system. In the current analysis, the properties of transient, electroviscous, ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through squeezing parallel infinite plates is reported. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by dissolving the titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles in the carrier fluid glycol/water. The purpose of the current study is to maximize the energy and mass transfer rate for industrial and engineering applications. The phenomena of fluid flow is studied, with the additional effects of the magnetic field, heat absorption/generation, chemical reaction, and activation energy. The ternary hybrid nanofluid flow is modeled in the form of a system of partial differential equations, which are subsequently simplified to a set of ordinary differential equations through resemblance substitution. The obtained nonlinear set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations is further solved, via the parametric continuation method. For validity purposes, the outcomes are statistically compared to an existing study. The results are physically illustrated through figures and tables. It is noticed that the mass transfer rate accelerates with the rising values of Lewis number, activation energy, and chemical reaction. The velocity and energy transfer rate boost the addition of ternary NPs to the base fluid.
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DOI: 10.3390/mi13060874
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