Nuclear Energy in the Context of Global Climate Objectives

Abstract

This chapter examines the key role of nuclear energy in achieving global climate goals, such as carbon neutrality by 2050 and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It highlights nuclear energy's potential to address growing energy demands while reducing carbon footprints, especially by complementing renewable sources like wind and solar. Despite its benefits, nuclear power faces challenges such as safety concerns, waste management, high infrastructure costs, and public opposition. The chapter explores how innovations like Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and nuclear fusion could overcome some of these challenges and improve nuclear energy's sustainability. It also discusses the integration of nuclear energy into global decarbonization strategies, citing case studies from countries like France, Sweden, and Japan. In conclusion, nuclear energy is essential for meeting climate targets, but its effective role in a low-carbon future requires a balanced approach, including supportive policies, technological advancements, and international collaboration.