NPM1 Gene Expression as a Molecular Prognostic Marker in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Among Egyptian Patients

Abstract

Background and objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia is the most prevalent type of leukemia in adults. It is defined by changes in average hematopoietic growth and differentiation, resulting in large numbers of abnormal, immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. This study aimed to investigate the Neucleophosmin1 mutation gene by detecting the Neucleophosmin1 subtypes (A, B, C, D, and P) and their correlation to other clinical and pathological parameters. Methods: This study involved 150 subjects: 100 newly diagnosed cases with acute myeloid leukemia and 50 age and gender-matched controls. Neucleophosmin1 gene mutation subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mutation D was linked to a markedly lower survival rate among the acute myeloid leukemia mutated Neucleophosmin1 cases and was correlated with other prognostic indicators (high blast count and M1 in French, American, British). Cytogenetic normality was more significant with mutation A than with other different mutations. Conclusion: This study concluded that Neucleophosmin1 gene mutation subtypes showed different prognostic significance and overall survival, suggesting that Neucleophosmin1 gene mutation subtype analysis is recommended as a prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia.