Nourishing minds: A longitudinal study on the effect of in-school breakfast programmes on learners' nutritional status in Mpumalanga

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Tiger Brands Foundation in-school breakfast programme in primary schools in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, and assessed learners’ nutritional status over time using anthropometric measures. A longitudinal study was conducted across three phases - March, June, and November 2024. Anthropometric indicators, including Body Mass Index (BMI), height, weight, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), were used to monitor trends in growth and nutritional status. Observational checklists were also used to assess learners’ general health and well-being. Improvements were observed in weight, height, and BMI across all three phases for both male and female participants, with more pronounced gains among females. Mean height increased from 1.45m to 1.48m (males) and 1.43m to 1.51 (females). However, the MUAC did not increase during this period in either gender. Observational checklists indicated that learners were generally healthy and active. The findings suggest that the in-school breakfast programme contributes positively to learners’ growth and overall well-being. While improvements in some anthropometric measures were evident, continued monitoring is essential. Therefore, strengthening in-school nutrition initiatives can play a significant role in reducing stunting and promoting optimal child development. Uniquely, this study provides longitudinal, school-level evidence on learners’ nutritional status in Mpumalanga.