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article · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing and counselling practices in Iraqi community pharmacies: implications for Antimicrobial stewardship and resistance containment

Abstract

Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing and minimal counseling remain widespread in Iraqi pharmacies. Effective AMS in Iraq will require phased, system-level approaches, including strengthened regulatory enforcement, workforce support addressing all pharmacy personnel, and integration of community pharmacies into national AMR strategies.

Research topics

  • Antibiotic Use and Resistance
  • Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
  • Antimicrobial agents and applications

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DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2026.2663104

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