review · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Drought stress significantly alters plant characteristics, and their response is a complex, genetically programmed process. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators in modulating how plants respond to drought and other environmental stresses. These ncRNAs interact to form intricate regulatory networks, controlling multiple genes that determine a plant's overall resilience. Researchers have identified and characterised various long and small drought-responsive ncRNAs across different plant varieties. While miRNA-based research is well-documented, the roles of lncRNA and transposon-derived RNAs are newer areas of study. This review compiles information on ncRNA categorisation and their function in mitigating drought stress in plants.
Understanding how non-coding RNAs regulate plant responses to drought is vital for developing crops that can better withstand water scarcity. This knowledge could contribute to improving agricultural resilience in regions affected by climate change and increasing food security globally.
This review synthesises existing knowledge on non-coding RNAs and their role in plant drought stress. The abstract does not indicate a direct application pathway, specific product development, or a readiness level for commercialisation, focusing instead on foundational understanding of biological mechanisms.
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Drought stress causes changes in the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plants. The response to drought in different plants may vary from avoidance, tolerance and escape to recovery from stress. This response is genetically programmed and regulated in a very complex yet synchronized manner. The crucial genetic regulations mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as game-changers in modulating the plant responses to drought and other abiotic stresses. The ncRNAs interact with their targets to form potentially subtle regulatory networks that control multiple genes to determine the overall response of plants. Many long and small drought-responsive ncRNAs have been identified and characterized in different plant varieties. The miRNA-based research is better documented, while lncRNA and transposon-derived RNAs are relatively new, and their cellular role is beginning to be understood. In this review, we have compiled the information on the categorization of non-coding RNAs based on their biogenesis and function. We also discuss the available literature on the role of long and small non-coding RNAs in mitigating drought stress in plants.
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DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212519
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