Nephroprotective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cisplatin induced kidney injury in albino rats

Abstract

isplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, with a known side effect of nephrotoxicity. Using stem cell therapy represents a distinctive and encouraging approach to remediate damaged organs. The administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, thus helping with both functional and histological recuperation. Twenty-four mature male albino rats were divided into four groups. 1 ml of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) into the control group. Cisplatin was injected once (6 mg/kg I.P.) into the cisplatin group. 0.5 ml of culture media with 5 x 106 BMMSCs was injected i.p. with 6 mg/kg I.P. cisplatin in the BMMSC group. The withdrawal group received no treatment after cisplatin injections. At different times, groups were sacrificed. Kidney specimens were made for histology and immunohistochemistry. Morphometric and statistical studies were done. Blood urea and serum creatinine were evaluated before sacrifice. There were statistically significant differences between the studied groups regarding markers of incidence of acute tubular necrosis and recovery, suggesting that cisplatin therapy caused acute tubular necrosis, whereas BMMSCs improved renal function markers, including blood urea and serum creatinine levels and tissue restoration. Stem cell rats also showed cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in cells near tubules, helping injured kidneys regenerate tubular cells. The use of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) mitigated the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin, thus showing a restorative effect on both functional and histological parts.