Navigating menopausal health in Oman (Marie Oman WP2a)

Abstract

Menopause is a pivotal stage in women’s lives, shaped by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and health system factors. In Oman, where religious beliefs and cultural norms strongly influence health behaviours, menopause remains under-researched and under-discussed. This study, part of the MARIE WP2a project, explored the lived experiences of Omani and expatriate women to identify burden of the symptoms on their daily lives, key challenges, coping strategies, and perceived gaps in care. Findings aim to inform culturally responsive health system strategies. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Outpatient clinics were used to recruit participants into the study. Twenty-five women across perimenopause, menopause, post-menopause stages including Omani nationals and expatriate women from urban and rural areas. Data were analysed using the Delanerolle & Phiri Theory and Framework, encompassing four domains: biological, psychological, sociocultural, and health system. Thematic analysis captured shared and divergent experiences, with verbatim quotes used to support findings. Symptom burden, health-seeking behaviours, cultural perceptions, and healthcare access. Symptoms ranged from hot flushes, insomnia, and joint pain to emotional distress. Natural menopause was viewed as a gradual, spiritual transition; surgical menopause was abrupt and distressing. Cultural silence and stigma hindered open discussion, with euphemisms such as harara dakhiliya (“internal heat”) used. Healthcare interactions were limited to chronic disease care, with minimal menopause counselling or HRT options. Expatriate women reported additional barriers, including cost and limited awareness. Culturally sensitive menopause care, accessible HRT choices, targeted education, and specialized clinics are essential to enhance midlife women’s health and quality of life in Oman.