Native Applications of Desert Date (<i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i>) Tree from the Three Northern Regions of Cameroon

Abstract

The objective of this study was to contribute to the valorization of B. aegyptiaca and local technologies. Local uses were studied in northern Cameroon (Adamawa, North and Far North). A questionnaire was administered in nine locations, three per region. The results showed that the largest number were found along the Far North stretch: Mayo-Kani and Mayo-Danay divisions, extending to the Chadian stretch. Its presence in Adamawa is mainly reported in the locality of Mbe. The name Tanné, in Fulfulde, was the most common name in all three regions. All parts of the tree were used by locals (100% of respondents). Native uses were numerous: food, medicinal, animal feed, domestic, cosmetic, industrial and handicraft. Preparations were based on the pulp. It also appeared that B. aegyptiaca was widely used in the treatment of numerous ailments and diseases. The kernel of B. aegyptiaca had technological potential. Kernel oil was seen to be primarily produced upon demand. A traditional oil extraction process has been described for the first time in Cameroon, to the best of our knowledge. The marketing of B. aegyptiaca fruits and their derivatives was socio-economically important for the population in général, and for women in particular. A detailed traditional oil extraction technique in Cameroon has been described for the first time. This survey provided information on B. aegyptiaca in Cameroon in terms of opportunities, raw material supply and technological possibilities.