Narrowing the Ethiopian maize yield gap and identifying its determinants for surplus in production

Abstract

Ethiopia has abundant natural resources, but they are not adequately managed. Inefficiency of farmers, resource constraints, and traditional technology cause a higher maize yield gap. The main objectives of the research are to estimate the maize yield gap and investigate its drivers. This study used a stochastic frontier model and looked at the factors affecting yield gap components using multiple linear regressions and the double hurdle model. The findings show that there is a yield gap in technology (5.35 t/ha), resources (2.55 t/ha), and efficiency (1.91 t/ha). Improved soil fertility and livestock ownership are negatively associated with the maize yield gap, indicating that they reduce the yield gap. This study demonstrates that maize yield gaps in Ethiopia are primarily driven by technological limitations, resource constraints, and inefficiency in farm management. Addressing these gaps requires a multifaceted approach that combines improved agricultural technologies, better input use, and enhanced soil fertility practices. Strengthening livestock systems and promoting integrated crop management can further reduce yield losses. Overall, closing the maize yield gap is critical for boosting productivity and ensuring sustainable food security in Ethiopia.