article · Advanced Theory and Simulations
This theoretical study evaluates how nanoparticle aggregation influences the velocity and temperature distributions of a titania and ethylene glycol nanofluid flowing over a permeable stretching or shrinking sheet. The model accounts for magnetohydrodynamic effects, permeability, and thermal radiation, incorporating the improved Maxwell-Bruggeman and Krieger-Dougherty models to represent nanoparticle clustering. The governing partial differential equations were converted into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and solved using both numerical and analytical methods, including the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg technique and the Adomian decomposition method. The results show that nanoparticle aggregation lowers the skin friction coefficient compared to flows where aggregation does not occur. Additionally, nanoparticle clustering decreases the overall heat transport coefficient. The heat transport coefficient also behaves differently based on surface mechanics, increasing when the sheet is stretched and decreasing when the sheet shrinks.
Nanofluids are designed to enhance thermal performance in complex fluid systems, but nanoparticles often clump together naturally. Understanding how this clumping alters heat transfer and friction over moving surfaces helps researchers more accurately predict fluid behaviour in systems influenced by magnetic fields and thermal radiation.
This theoretical work provides fundamental insights into heat transfer mechanics and fluid dynamics, but the abstract does not indicate a specific application pathway or target industry.
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Abstract This research aimed to analyze the effects of both without aggregation and with aggregation of nanoparticles (i.e., titania‐ethylene glycol ) on the velocity and temperature profiles over a permeable MHD stretching/shrinking sheet with permeability parameter and thermal radiation . For the purpose of studying nanoparticle aggregation, the improved Maxwell‐Bruggeman and Krieger‐Dougarty models are applied. By applying the similarity transformation, the simple partial differential equations that arise from mathematical modeling are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The calculated nonlinear equation is then numerically solved using the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4th‐5th (RKF45) order method with shooting technique and analytically via the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). For validation, the outcomes of this inquiry are linked with those outcomes that are available in the literature. In addition, the acquired analytical ADM data are compared to numerical RKF45, homotopy analysis method (HAM)‐package values, and those given in the literature. It is found that the skin friction coefficient is also lower in the presence of aggregation effects than in the absence of such effects. Furthermore, when the sheet is shrinking, the heat transport (HT) coefficient decreases and increases, respectively, with stretching. The aggregation of nanoparticles reduces the HT coefficient.
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DOI: 10.1002/adts.202401512
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