article · Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security
Nanomaterials have widespread potential uses in agriculture, spanning soil and water remediation, plant nutrition, and crop protection against abiotic stresses and diseases. However, their fate and transformation in agroecosystems present significant environmental and agricultural challenges. At specific concentrations, nanomaterials can cause toxicity in plants by generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Consequently, nanomaterials can either inhibit or induce plant stress depending on their behaviour and dosage. Detailed research at molecular and subcellular levels, alongside varied agroecosystem conditions, remains necessary to understand their exact modes of action. This overview examines how nanomaterials behave under agricultural abiotic stress conditions and assesses their dual capacity to either relieve or exacerbate stress in crops.
As agriculture faces growing environmental pressures, nanomaterials could improve nutrient use, water management, and crop resilience against stress. However, their potential toxicity through reactive chemical species poses risks to agricultural ecosystems. Understanding how these particles behave at microscopic levels ensures that modern agricultural technologies support crop health and food security without inadvertently harming plants or the surrounding environment.
The abstract highlights potential applications in nano-fertilisers, nano-pesticides, and environmental remediation for agricultural producers and environmental managers. However, because critical mechanisms of toxicity, concentration thresholds, and molecular modes of action remain unclear and require further fundamental research, these technologies remain at an early exploratory stage rather than ready for immediate real-world deployment.
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The fate and transformation of nanomaterials in agroecosystems were and still one of the most issues all over the world. Therefore, enormous studies have been published concerning these nanomaterials and their applications in different fields including agricultural, medicinal and industrial sectors. The agricultural applications include soil and water nano-remediation, plant nano-nutrition, plant nano-protection, etc. Moreover, the agri-nanotechnology has many environmental and agricultural challenges including agri-sustainability, management of plant diseases and crop protection, remediating the environmental pollution, water management, minimizing the loss of nutrients and their optimizing as well as ameliorating plant abiotic stresses. On the other hand, nanomaterials under certain concentrations may generate and exhibit many toxic effects on plants due to induce different reactive species like oxygen and nitrogen. Therefore, further studies are needed at different levels including molecular and subcellular levels in order to determine the behavior of nanomaterials in inhibiting and/or in inducing plant stress. The mode of action of this behavior also is needed more elucidations under different agroecosystem conditions. This review is an attempt to evaluate the behavior of nanomaterials under plant abiotic stress and agroecosystem conditions. The role of nanomaterials in ameliorating plant abiotic stresses mainly will be also highlighted.
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DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2018.3897.1030
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