Myricetin as a therapeutic agent: Molecular researches and clinical potentia

Abstract

Myricetin is a polyphenolic flavonol that is commonly present in tea, grapes, fruits, vegetables, and a number of medicinal plants. It is known to have a number of biological actions that are important for human health. Myricetin stands out for its multifunctional potential in the prevention and treatment of different infectious and degenerative disorders, especially as interest in natural bioactive chemicals grows. The primary mechanism entails robust antioxidant action by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing the endogenous enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, myricetin has anti-inflammatory properties via inhibiting the activation of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways, which lowers the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have demonstrated its capacity to suppress the growth of cancer cells, trigger apoptosis, and stop metastasis in the context of oncology. Myricetin decreases cholesterol, promotes endothelial function, and guards against atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system. Its neuroprotective benefits are also encouraging, especially in terms of protecting dopamine in Parkinson’s disease and preventing β-amyloid buildup in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, myricetin is important for preventing diabetes and obesity because it regulates blood glucose, improves insulin sensitivity, and modifies lipid metabolism. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities have also been documented, although they are still limited to experimental studies. Nevertheless, two significant obstacles to its conversion to practical applications are the lack of extensive clinical trials and the limited oral bioavailability. Future studies will concentrate on developing novel formulations, investigating safe and efficient dosages, and conducting thorough clinical trials. All things considered, myricetin shows significant promise as a multipurpose natural therapeutic candidate that promotes human health.