Mycelium as a Sustainable Material: Applications and Potential in Construction and Interior Design

Abstract

Mycelium, the vegetative growth structure of fungi, is emerging as a sustainable and versatile biomaterial with growing applications in construction and interior design. This review synthesizes recent research on mycelium-based composites (MBCs), emphasizing their production from agricultural waste and highlighting their alignment with circular economy principles. MBCs exhibit a range of desirable properties, including full biodegradability, inherent fire resistance, carbon sequestration, and effective thermal and acoustic insulation, making them strong candidates for non-structural building applications. Current implementations include insulation panels, interior partition walls, furniture, packaging alternatives, and a variety of decorative or sculptural elements that benefit from the material’s natural moldability and rich aesthetic qualities. Current limitations in mechanical strength and durability restrict their use in load-bearing structures, but hybrid systems and innovative additives are advancing their performance. The material’s moldability enables diverse aesthetic possibilities, while scalable production methods, standardized testing, and supportive policies are essential for broader adoption. This review highlights both the opportunities and challenges for integrating mycelium-based materials into sustainable and aesthetically rich built environments.