Multiple biomarker response (Organ Histology, Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status) in Catfish Captured from Ureje River, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract With rapid urbanisation coupled with the influx of more people to Ado-Ekiti, it is pertinent to assess the effect of human activities on living organisms in Ureje River, the main water body that cuts across Ado-Ekiti. This study examined the effects of environmental pollution on the Ureje River in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria with focus on water quality, heavy metal contamination, and the health of female African catfish. Samples of water were fetched from various fishing spots along the river, and an earthen pond, which served as a control. Blood samples were collected from fish samples farmed from different fishing points, and thereafter slaughtered and organ characteristics and histology assessed. Fish from Emirin and Erinfun showed lower (p<0.05) weights, indicating impaired growth. Fish had significantly (p<0.05) elevated glucose at Ajebamidele, high total protein at Aduloju, Erinfun and Ajebamidele, and varied cholesterol levels, reflecting metabolic stress. Fish from polluted points had notably higher liver enzymes and alkaline phosphatase coupled with highest oxidative stress, indicating liver damage and stress. Fish from heavily polluted areas had necrosis in gills, liver steatosis, and kidney infiltration. Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources significantly degrades the Ureje River ecosystem with negatives impacts on water quality and aquatic organism health