article · Heliyon
Due to increasing concerns about environmental impact and toxicity, developing green and sustainable methods for nanoparticle synthesis is attracting significant interest. This work reports the successful green synthesis of silver (Ag), silver-titanium dioxide (Ag@TiO<sub>2</sub>), and silver-selenium dioxide (Ag@SeO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) using <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. extract. Characterization by XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX confirmed the successful formation of uniformly distributed spherical NPs with controlled size (25 ± 4.9 nm) and desired elemental composition. All synthesized NPs and the <i>B</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> extract exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity, indicating significant antioxidant potential. However, Ag@SeO<sub>2</sub> displayed lower hemocompatibility compared to other NPs, while Ag@SeO<sub>2</sub> and the extract demonstrated reduced inflammation in a carrageenan-induced paw edema animal model. Interestingly, Ag@TiO<sub>2</sub> and Ag@SeO<sub>2</sub> exhibited strong antifungal activity against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Sclerotia sclerotium</i>, as evidenced by TEM and FTIR analyses. Generally, the findings suggest that <i>B</i>. <i>vulgaris</i>-derived NPs possess diverse biological activities with potential applications in various fields such as medicine and agriculture. Ag@TiO<sub>2</sub> and Ag@SeO<sub>2</sub>, in particular, warrant further investigation for their potential as novel bioactive agents.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28359
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