Multi-omics for unveiling potential antidiabetic markers from red, green and black mung beans using NIR-UPLC-MS/MS multiplex approach

Abstract

Inspired by the nutritional and biological attributes of mung beans, the current work aims to monitor metabolome patterns of different mung species and their entanglements on antidiabetic potential using NIR-UPLC-MS/MS multiplex approach combined with chemometrics. In this regard, a total of 71 chromatographic peaks spanning sugars, amino acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and their lipid derivatives, and phytosterols were chemically profiled. Coincidently, OPLS-DA underscored an obvious discrimination among the green, red and black mung species suggesting their chemical discrepancies where eriodictyol-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, formononetin-O-glucoside, viniferal and genistin serve as focal discriminators of green mung beans while lysoPC 18:2, lanosterol, gallocatechin, tyramine, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, biochanin A, vigvexin A, vignatic acid B, lysoPC 16:0 and phaseollin were the determining metabolites of red ones. Successively, the differential markers enriched in black mung samples included 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, stearidonic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, vignatic acid A, campestrol, arachidonic acid and PG (18:2/18:1). Experimentally speaking, all mung samples exerted noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory potential towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. OPLS coefficient plots highlighted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), gallic acid and beta-sitosterol as possible efficacy metabolites harmoniously mediated antidiabetic potential. Equally important, NIR spectroscopic analysis coupled with PLS-R model quantitively predicted the bio-efficient markers from various mung bean samples with a significant level of experimental reliability. These findings pursue concept of nutritional therapy and provide a fresh perspective to probe into mung beans bioactive molecules which might serve as referenced templates for mitigating diabetes. However, future work should be explored to uncover muti-target mechanisms of mung beans-derived compounds and strengthen their relevance.