Mpox knowledge, attitudes toward Mpox vaccine and hesitancy for Mpox vaccination among teachers in Kenya

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sixteen African countries, including Kenya, reported Mpox cases over a two-month period, prompting the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to declare the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security on 13th August 2024. The World Health Organization issued guidance for Mpox prevention in schools, where teachers are expected to support infection prevention. This study assessed teachers' knowledge of Mpox and attitudes toward Mpox vaccination, given these factors that may influence teachers' confidence in promoting preventive behaviours and vaccination awareness among learners. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1,139 teachers in Kenya between 21st November 2024 and 17th February 2025. Structured questionnaires assessed Mpox knowledge (12 items) and attitudes toward Mpox vaccination (6 items). The use of mean scores to define adequate versus inadequate knowledge and attitude was justified by approximate normal distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean Mpox knowledge score was 8.2 out of 12 (68.3%), and the mean attitude score for Mpox vaccine was 3.7 out of 6 (61.7%), indicating moderate knowledge and attitudes. Over 34% of respondents were unaware of reported Mpox cases in Kenya. Vaccine hesitancy was 49.8%, with 62% of the hesitating respondents citing concerns about potential side effects. Teachers with certificate and diploma qualifications were significantly more likely to accept vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Teachers demonstrated moderate knowledge and attitudes but high Mpox vaccine hesitancy. Implementation of focused strategies, including structured risk communication and integration of Mpox education into professional development are essential to enhance vaccine uptake, reinforce positive attitudes and strengthen teachers' capacity to protect learners in line with WHO guidance.