article · Agronomy
Sugarcane is a vital industrial cash crop that supports both global sugar and biofuel manufacturing. Despite a long history of cultivation through natural selection and standard breeding methods, sugarcane crop improvement faces significant challenges due to its complex poly-aneuploid genome, genetic heterogeneity, and high vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Advanced biotechnological methods offer more effective alternatives to conventional breeding approaches for enhancing stress tolerance. Modern breeding tools, including molecular marker-assisted breeding, genetic transformation, genome editing, and multiple omics platforms, provide important capabilities for developing resilient crop varieties. These innovative methods deliver critical strategies to engineer sugarcane cultivars capable of withstanding diverse environmental pressures, thereby sustaining productivity in industrial supply chains reliant on this crop.
Sugarcane is a foundational raw material for food production and renewable biofuels. Environmental stresses can significantly reduce harvest yields and destabilise associated processing industries. Applying modern genetic tools to overcome the crop complex biology allows the development of hardier varieties that can withstand challenging environmental conditions.
These genetic methods could enable plant breeders and agricultural biotechnology enterprises to develop resilient sugarcane varieties for commercial sugar and biofuel producers. Because the abstract outlines technical approaches including genome editing and omics technologies, this work represents early-stage research that requires further experimental application and field testing before cultivars reach commercial cultivation.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important industrial cash crops, contributing to the world sugar industry and biofuel production. It has been cultivated and improved from prehistoric times through natural selection and conventional breeding and, more recently, using the modern tools of genetic engineering and biotechnology. However, the heterogenicity, complex poly-aneuploid genome and susceptibility of sugarcane to different biotic and abiotic stresses represent impediments that require us to pay greater attention to the improvement of the sugarcane crop. Compared to traditional breeding, recent advances in breeding technologies (molecular marker-assisted breeding, sugarcane transformation, genome-editing and multiple omics technologies) can potentially improve sugarcane, especially against environmental stressors. This article will focus on efficient modern breeding technologies, which provide crucial clues for the engineering of sugarcane cultivars resistant to environmental stresses.
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DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11061042
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