Modelling of an Energy Storage Battery and the Study of its Behavior in Solar application

Abstract

This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a lithium-ion battery integrated into a photovoltaic (PV) system for energy storage applications. The study begins with an overview of the main types of electrochemical batteries commonly used in renewable energy systems, followed by a comparative analysis based on key parameters such as energy density, efficiency, cost, and lifetime. The lithium-ion battery is selected due to its high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. A mathematical model based on Shepherd’s equation is developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to predict the dynamic behavior of the battery during charging and discharging processes. Simulation results demonstrate the model’s ability to accurately describe the battery’s voltage and state of charge (SOC) under varying solar irradiance conditions. The proposed system effectively maintains a stable DC bus voltage while ensuring reliable energy storage and delivery.