article · physica status solidi (a)
The transition to green energy is essential in mitigating climate change and reducing environmental impacts. Although solar energy is a limitless and sustainable resource, photovoltaic technology has yet to achieve its fullpotential due to stability and durability challenges. Herein, a novel solar cell architecture—FTO/AZO/ p‐ C 2 N/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Ni—is investigated using the solar cell capacitance device simulator (SCAPS‐1D) and impedance spectroscopy. The performance metrics obtained from the model cell were: open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 1.3030 V, short‐circuit current ( J sc ) of 23.23 mA/cm 2 , fill factor of 73.84%, and power conversion efficiency of 22.35%. At a bandgap of 1.4 eV of the absorber, quantum efficiency (QE) reached maximum (100%) in the entire wavelength range (300 – 700 nm) but decreased with increasing bandgap of the absorber. At a wavelength of 360 nm, the QE reached 100% with a donor density of between 10 15 and 10 20 cm −3 . In order to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of charge storage and light‐to‐electricity conversion, this study also focused on the analysis of complex impedance ( Z *) and complex conductivity ( σ *). A theoretical investigation of the imaginary components ( Z ″ and σ ″) across a wide frequency range revealed the presence of multiple relaxation processes. Through spectral extrapolation and deconvolution, three distinct relaxation phenomena were identified in both Z * and σ *, resembling the Cole–Cole‐type relaxations typically associated with Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars effects. These findings suggest localized electrical interactions between active sites along the graphene molecular chains and counterions at interfacial boundaries, leading to induced dipole moments and potential diffusion‐driven dynamics. The modeling and understanding of dielectric relaxations and conduction mechanisms provide valuable insights into the underlying phenomena and support the optimization of cell performance.
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DOI: 10.1002/pssa.202500652
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