MicroRNAs as Key Regulators and Potential Biomarkers in Vitiligo Pathogenesis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Vitiligo involves melanocyte loss, potentially due to oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and genetics. This article examines microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs crucial for gene expression regulation, as they act as molecular switches that can activate or deactivate genes upon translation. It identifies modified miRNA levels in the skin, blood, immune cells, and exosomes of vitiligo patients. These miRNAs are essential for melanocyte viability and for modulating oxidative stress and immunological responses. Specific miRNAs may function as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. The review offers an in‐depth comprehension of the crucial functions of miRNAs in development.