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Microbial Biofungicides as a Substitute for Chemical Fungicides in the Control of Phytopathogens: Current Perspectives and Research Directions

202460 citationsOpen accessDebre Markos University

In plain language

Global population growth and food security concerns have intensified efforts to protect crop yields from harmful plant pathogens. While synthetic fungicides have traditionally controlled crop diseases, their documented side effects have motivated a transition towards environmentally friendly alternatives. Microbial biofungicides offer a sustainable option and have delivered notable results, yet their widespread adoption is restricted by practical drawbacks. Specifically, microbial alternatives often exhibit lower effectiveness, shorter shelf life, and limited accessibility for farmers worldwide, preventing the complete elimination of synthetic chemicals from the market. Consequently, an integrated disease management strategy combining microbial biofungicides with reduced doses of synthetic fungicides has emerged as a viable compromise. Assessing the relative benefits and drawbacks of microbial biofungicides highlights their current standing and clarifies how complementary treatments can balance environmental safety with reliable crop protection.

Key takeaways

  • Growing human populations and food security challenges require sustainable strategies to manage crop pathogens.
  • Synthetic fungicides carry documented side effects, prompting interest in eco-friendly microbial alternatives.
  • Microbial biofungicides are currently constrained by lower efficacy, shorter shelf life, and restricted availability to growers.
  • Combining microbial biofungicides with reduced doses of synthetic fungicides offers a practical, integrated approach to crop disease control.

Why it matters

Feeding an expanding global population requires safeguarding harvest yields without causing ecological damage. Synthetic pesticides carry environmental and health risks, but purely biological alternatives currently lack the durability and availability needed for universal adoption. Exploring integrated management strategies that combine biofungicides with lower chemical doses helps identify pragmatic pathways towards safer, more sustainable agriculture.

Commercialisation angle

The primary application is crop disease management for growers seeking sustainable inputs. Microbial biofungicides exist in the market but suffer from shelf-life and performance constraints. Near-term commercialisation appears best suited to integrated treatment programmes or co-formulations that combine biological agents with reduced chemical fungicide doses, offering agricultural input manufacturers and distributors an intermediate pathway while fully biological substitutes mature.

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Abstract

These days, two important issues are causing concern in the global community: the alarmingly growing trend of the human population and the issue of food security. To this end, people around the world have been searching for solutions that could feed the needy in a sustainable way. In response to this urgent call, scientists from around the world started working on increasing crop production and productivity by controlling crop pathogens that could harm the productivity of crops. Synthetic fungicides have been in use for controlling crop diseases for several decades, but later, due to the evidenced side effects of the fungicides, there have been attempts to shift towards a less cost-effective and eco-friendly method of controlling crop diseases, and so far, many remarkable results have been achieved. However, due to the less effective and shorter shelf life of microbial biofungicides, as well as the less accessibility of these microbial biofungicides to growers around the world, it became difficult to remove the fungicides totally from the market. To minimize this problem, researchers suggested an integrated approach: the combination of microbial biofungicides with a reduced dose of synthetic fungicides. Hence, this review explored the status as well as the merits and demerits of microbial biofungicides as compared to synthetic fungicides.

Research topics

  • Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
  • Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
  • Plant Pathogens and Resistance

Sustainable Development Goals

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DOI: 10.1155/2024/5322696

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