article · Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications
Numerical investigations explore how a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing iron oxide and aluminium oxide nanoparticles behaves inside two-dimensional channels under a non-uniform magnetic field. The model compares a smooth channel to one containing a localised wavy section across varied flow rates and magnetic field strengths. The magnetic field decays exponentially along the height of the channel, creating a localised Lorentz force and Joule heating. Findings indicate that the magnetic field damps fluid velocity in the active region while raising the temperature of the fluid. Pairing the localised wavy wall configuration with the non-uniform magnetic field successfully boosts heat transfer while reducing thermodynamic irreversibility across the tested conditions.
Managing heat efficiently while limiting energy waste is a central challenge in modern thermal management. By demonstrating how magnetic fields and channel shaping interact to control fluid flow and thermal irreversibility, this research provides foundational thermal and fluid dynamic guidance for improving cooling performance in high-intensity electromagnetic environments.
The findings are at an early numerical research stage, offering design insights for engineers developing advanced magneto-hydrodynamic cooling devices and related energy systems. Practical adoption would require physical prototyping and experimental testing before heat exchanger or electronics cooling manufacturers could integrate these wavy-channel configurations and magnetic controls into commercial products.
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This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid flow in a two-dimensional channel featuring a localized wavy section under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluid, composed of Fe₃O₄–Al₂O₃ nanoparticles dispersed in water, is modeled as a single-phase fluid under laminar, steady, and incompressible conditions. The applied transverse magnetic field follows an exponential decay along the channel height, inducing a spatially varying Lorentz force and Joule heating effect. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method implemented in ANSYS Fluent, with the SIMPLE algorithm employed for pressure–velocity coupling. A comparative analysis between smooth (SC) and wavy (WC) channel configurations is conducted to evaluate the impact of Reynolds number (200 ≤ Re ≤ 800) and magnetic field intensity (1 T ≤ B₀ ≤ 8 T) on flow structure, heat transfer, and thermodynamic irreversibility. The results reveal that the magnetic field significantly suppresses fluid velocity within the magnetized region due to Lorentz force damping, while simultaneously enhancing fluid temperature through Joule heating. Overall, the results demonstrate that the combination of localized wall waviness and a non-uniform magnetic field provides an effective strategy for enhancing heat transfer while minimizing thermodynamic irreversibility. This study offers valuable insights for the design of advanced MHD-based cooling systems and energy applications involving hybrid nanofluids.
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DOI: 10.32397/tesea.vol7.n2.1011
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