Methods and Technologies for the Treatment and Disposal of Brine in Seawater Desalination Plants

Abstract

Seawater desalination is a water technology that is becoming increasingly important in meeting the water needs of many countries around the world. One of the constraints associated with the operation of desalination plants is the production of a concentrated solution, known as brine, which can cause damage to the marine environment due to its high salt content. This paper presents a review of contemporary technologies aimed at addressing the environmental challenges posed by concentrated solutions produced in desalination plants. Among these solutions are evaporation ponds, surface water discharge, and deep well injection. Nevertheless, these approaches encounter sustainability concerns, substantial initial investments, and constraints in terms of universal applicability. A systematic comparison of all these technologies is conducted, focusing on their individual merits and drawbacks, as well as evaluating their feasibility and current developmental status. The objective of this comprehensive analysis is to provide a structured decision-making tool for identifying the most appropriate technology for specific circumstances.