Metallogenic anomalies of Bana Pluton, West Cameroon: Constraints from remote sensing-GIS, field observations, geochemical and geostatistical analysis

Abstract

• Metallogenic anomalies ( Fe, Al, Ti, Ga, Zn, and REE) of Bana plutonic rocks. • Integration of remote sensing, field observation, geochemistry, and geostatistitics. • GIS-fuzzy modelling technique in mineralisation anomalies mapping. • Landsat 9 OLI and geochemical data in mineral exploration. • Mineralisation potential using geochemical discrimination diagrams. The Bana area in West Cameroon, within the Central African Orogenic Belt, is recognized for its prevalent Pan-African granitoid intrusions and a complex tectonic framework, suggesting considerable metallogenic potential. This study focusses on the metallogenic anomalies in the Bana plutonic rocks through a multidisciplinary approach merging remote sensing-GIS, detailed field observations, geochemistry and geostatistical analysis. The remote sensing data (Landsat 9 OLI) was analysed by false colour composites, band ratios, and principal component analysis, in order to map the hydrothermal alteration zones and the lineaments potentially representing structurally controlled fluid pathways. During ground-truthing in the field, the quartz veins and extensive alteration assemblages (sericitization, chloritization, and silicification) that were spatially arranged with remote sensing anomalies were identified. Bulk rock geochemical data reveal high concentration of Fe, Al, Ti, Ga, Zn, and rare earth elements. These results showcase the importance of the Bana plutonic rocks as energetic metallogenic units that are influenced by tectono-magmatic and hydrothermal-related processes. Mineral exploration in under-explored Pan-African terranes can be achieved using remote sensing and geochemical tools which is a part of the present study. This work really is an upgrade in geological understanding of the Bana region and also, it is a contribution to the regional metallogenic models of Central Africa.