article · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Carbon nanomaterials offer strong adsorption, enhanced oxidation, and photocatalytic capabilities, making them safer, eco-friendly candidates for chemosensors. Concurrently, metal-organic frameworks possess regular network structures, porous characteristics, adaptable morphology, and large surface areas. Despite these properties, most metal-organic frameworks degrade rapidly in aqueous environments due to self-decomposition, severely limiting their use in chemical sensing. To overcome this vulnerability, researchers modify frameworks with stable carbon nanomaterials through hybridisation or carbonisation. Hybridisation allows the frameworks to retain their original shapes and structures, with overall stability relying on the framework type selected. In contrast, framework-derived carbon nanomaterials experience significant structural and shape changes. Combining frameworks with materials such as graphene, carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots offers viable routes to design robust chemosensors capable of performing effectively in water-based settings.
Chemical sensors are vital for detecting substances in liquids, but many high-performance sensor materials break down when exposed to water. Combining fragile metal-organic frameworks with durable, eco-friendly carbon nanomaterials solves this stability problem. This strategy allows the retention of beneficial porous features while ensuring sensors can operate reliably in aqueous environments, helping advance the design of practical diagnostic and monitoring devices.
This review focuses on foundational material strategies for developing chemical sensors, particularly for detecting targets in water-based matrices. Sensor manufacturers and analytical instrument developers could use these hybrid materials to create more durable sensing components. However, because the text describes recent research trends and synthetic strategies without detailing specific commercial devices, the work remains at an early stage of technology readiness, requiring further testing before reaching real-world deployment.
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Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted widespread attention in different fields due to their superior capabilities in terms of adsorption, enhanced oxidation, and photocatalysis. CNMs are safer and more eco-friendly than organic compounds, which could explain the growing interest in developing new chemosensors using CNMs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in many applications due to their regular network structure, adaptable morphology, porous nature, and large specific surface area. However, most MOFs are unstable in aqueous solutions due to self-decomposition, which could limits their applications in chemical sensing. Several attempts have been reported to increase the stability of MOFs in water-based matrices through chemical modifications using stable entities such as CNMs via MOF hybridization or carbonization. MOF hybrids retain their original shape and structure, and their stability depends on the MOF type, while MOF-derived CNMs undergo drastic changes in shape and structure. This review discusses the recent trends and applications of MOF-derived CNMs and MOF-hybrids in chemical sensing. Hybridization of MOFs using graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots are described with emphasis on their role and applications in chemosensors.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117425
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