article · BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOMBE
Conventional liver disease treatments often carry adverse side effects and high costs, prompting investigation into botanical alternatives. Xeromphis nilotica is a plant traditionally used in north-eastern Nigeria to manage inflammation, pain, and digestive complaints. This study analysed the chemical profile of Xeromphis nilotica leaves and evaluated their protective properties against chemical-induced hepatitis in albino mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Chemical analysis identified eight metabolite classes, including phenolics, steroids, and vitamin E derivatives. Toxin exposure caused severe liver damage, marked by weight loss, altered liver enzymes, diminished antioxidant activity, and oxidative stress. Administration of the leaf extract countered these toxic effects, returning key biochemical markers, antioxidant enzyme levels, and liver tissue integrity close to normal values. In addition, the extract displayed concentration-dependent antioxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities.
Liver disorders present an increasing global health challenge, while current clinical treatments remain costly and carry adverse side effects. Investigating traditional botanical therapies provides scientific evidence to assess their safety and effectiveness. Demonstrating that Xeromphis nilotica leaf extract can protect liver function and counteract toxic damage in an animal model provides a foundation for exploring affordable, plant-derived therapies for chemical liver injuries.
This research provides early-stage preclinical evidence that could interest nutraceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical developers exploring plant-based hepatoprotective therapies. The findings suggest potential use as an active ingredient in liver health formulations or antioxidant supplements. However, the technology is at an early experimental stage, relying on animal models. Substantial further work, including isolation of specific bioactive compounds, toxicity profiling, and clinical trials, will be required before any commercial application is viable.
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Liver disease is on the upsurge with high mortality rate and the conventional treatment is associated with adverse side effect and exorbitant cost of treatment, there is thus a need for exploration of plant-based alternative. Xeromphis nilotica is used by traditional practitioners in North East Nigeria to treat or manage various ailment such as inflammations, pains and stomach disorders. This study is aimed at determining bioactive metabolite and to evaluate prophylactic ability of Xeromphis Nilotica leaves against carbon tetrachloride induced chemical hepatitis in mouse model. Metabolite identification was carried out using full LC-MS/MS acquired in positive mode. Hepatic biomarkers such as aminotransferases, total protein, albumin and bilirubin were assessed applying established protocols. Liver tissues were used for histopathology and their homogenates for determining malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and Glutathione S Transferase activities. The results obtained was inferred by performing mRNA expression of hepatic tissue Glutathione S- Transferase using qRTPCR. Reducing power activity of the extract was assessed by employing various in-vitro models. Eight metabolites were detected with their structure as phenolics, tripeptides, halogenated fatty acids, vitamin E derivatives, steroid, sterol lipid and AMPA receptors. CCl4 induced a drastic weight loss and liver damage through elevating serum level of aminotransferases, total bilirubin, and decreased total protein, albumin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase activity as well as marked increased in serum MDA level. Xeromphis nilotica leaves extract exerts it hepatoprotective effect by restoring these anomalies to almost near normal. Glutathione –S-transferase mRNA expression of hepatic tissue and histopathological results supported the biochemical finding. Xeromphis nilotica leaves extract showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity. It can be concluded that Xeromphis nilotica leaves extract was beneficial in modulating the alteration induced in liver and serum variables of mice under the effect of CCL4 induced oxidative stress.
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DOI: 10.64290/bima.v9i3b.1365
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