article · Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Investigation of Suillus bovinus mushrooms collected from thirteen background locations in northern Poland between 1993 and 2013 reveals their capacity to accumulate mercury from low-level polluted soils. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.79 milligrams per kilogram dry biomass in caps and 0.083 to 0.51 milligrams per kilogram dry biomass in stipes, with caps consistently containing higher levels than stipes. Bioconcentration factors showed high accumulation efficiency relative to the surrounding topsoil, which contained between 0.015 and 0.031 milligrams per kilogram dry biomass. Despite this bioaccumulation capacity, consuming a standard three-hundred-gram meal of these mushrooms gathered from background areas delivers a mercury dose far below the recommended reference dose or provisionally tolerable weekly intake. Broader worldwide data on the genus Suillus similarly shows low contamination in specimens gathered from background areas.
Wild mushrooms can absorb toxic heavy metals from their surroundings, raising health concerns for consumers. Evaluating mercury accumulation in Suillus bovinus provides essential food safety evidence for foragers and dietary safety monitors, confirming that consumption of specimens from low-pollution background habitats remains well within internationally accepted health limits.
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This paper reports the results of the study of the efficiency of accumulation and distribution of mercury (Hg) in the fruiting bodies of fungus Suillus bovinus and the probable dietary intake of Hg and the potential health risk. Fungal fruiting bodies and soil materials were collected from 13 background areas in the northern part of Poland between 1993 and 2013. Mercury in the caps of fruiting bodies varied from 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.79 ± 0.40 mg kg(-1) dry biomass and in the stipes from 0.083 ± 0.028 to 0.51 ± 0.22 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. The mean values of cap to stipe Hg content quotient varied from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.6. The Hg content in the upper 0-10 cm layer of soil substrate varied from 0.015 ± 0.004 to 0.031 ± 0.019 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. S. bovinus could be considered as an efficient accumulator of Hg, at least from low level polluted soils, and the values of Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied from 6.4 ± 2.2 to 45 ± 20 for caps and from 3.8 ± 1.4 to 29 ± 11 for stipes. A conventional meal (300 g) portion of S. bovinus foraged from background areas provides Hg dose far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake or recommended reference dose set for this element by authorities. An examination of published data on Hg in fruiting bodies of fungi genus Suillus showed low contamination of specimens foraged from background areas. Also reviewed are published data on Hg in fungi genus Suillus collected worldwide.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6558-8
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