Mapping the Research Landscape of FinTech and Financial Inclusion in Emerging Markets

Abstract

Purpose: Financial technology (FinTech) has rapidly transformed the global financial landscape by introducing innovative digital solutions that expand access to financial services. This transformation is especially significant in emerging markets, where large segments of the population remain excluded from traditional financial systems. This study provides a systematic and bibliometric review of existing literature examining the relationship between FinTech and financial inclusion in emerging economies. Methodology: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework, articles were collected from Scopus databases covering the period 20213-2025. After a rigorous screening process, 119 relevant studies were selected for analysis. Findings: The findings reveal a significant growth in scholarly interest in the FinTech－financial inclusion nexus, especially following the global expansion of digital payment systems and mobile financial services. The literature highlights several mechanisms through which FinTech promotes inclusion, including mobile money platforms, digital lending technologies, and data-driven credit assessment models. However, the review also identifies persistent barriers such as regulatory uncertainty, digital infrastructural gaps, financial literacy limitations, and cybersecurity risks. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to the literature by mapping the dominant research themes, identifying theoretical perspectives used in existing studies, and highlighting critical research gaps. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers seeking to leverage FinTech innovations to promote inclusive and sustainable financial systems in emerging economies.