Mapping the Outcomes of Low-Vision Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of Interventions, Challenges, and Research Gaps

Abstract

Introduction: Low vision affects more than visual acuity; it substantially disrupts daily functioning and may contribute to long-term cognitive, emotional, and social consequences. When medical or surgical treatment options are no longer effective, structured low-vision rehabilitation becomes essential, providing strategies and tools that support functional adaptation and promote independence. This review aims to map the current outcomes of rehabilitation services, identify gaps in existing research, and highlight opportunities for further study. Methods: An article search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. Then, title, abstract, and full-text screenings for inclusion were performed by all the authors independently, and disagreements were resolved through discussion. The relevant outcomes from the eligible publications were extracted by four authors and then cross-checked by the other authors. The results are presented via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were randomized controlled trials (n = 10,77%), with the majority conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. Study populations consisted of adults aged 18 years and older. Across the included studies, low-vision rehabilitation interventions particularly visual training, magnification-based programs, and multidisciplinary approaches, were associated with significant improvements in visual function, activities of daily living, and vision-related quality of life. Conclusions: Low vision rehabilitation interventions demonstrate clear benefits for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, reading speed, and functional independence. However, substantial gaps remain, including limited evidence on long-term outcomes, inconsistent assessment of psychosocial influences, and underrepresentation of diverse populations. Standardized outcome measures and long-term, inclusive research designs are needed to better understand the sustained and equitable impact of low-vision rehabilitation.