Mapping evidence of self-sampling to diagnose sexually transmitted infections in womens: A scoping review

Abstract

This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of existing evidence on the use of self-sampling interventions for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women. Given the disproportionate global burden of STIs on women and the barriers to accessing traditional healthcare services, the study explores the potential of self-sampling as an innovative approach to enhance STI detection and management. Guided by the methodological frameworks of Arksey and O’Malley and Levac, the review systematically mapped evidence from peer-reviewed and grey literature sources, including major scientific databases and organizational repositories. Out of 770 identified records, 44 studies met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The findings indicate that self-sampling interventions are widely feasible, acceptable, and easy to implement, particularly in both high-income and resource-limited settings. Evidence highlights their applicability in remote areas, user satisfaction, diverse specimen types, and compatibility with laboratory diagnostic assays and self-testing procedures. However, gaps remain regarding the design of self-sampling tools that align with user preferences and contextual needs. The review concludes that co-developing self-sampling interventions with women could improve usability, acceptability, and overall STI healthcare outcomes, ultimately contributing to more equitable and accessible sexual health services globally.<br>