Mapping and Structural Analysis of Geological Fractures of the Tidili Region, Morocco, Related to South Atlas Fault Zone Using Remote Sensing on Landsat 9 OLI Imagery

Abstract

This study utilizes Landsat 9 OLI images to map and characterize geological fractures in the South Atlasic Fault Zone in the Tidili region of Morocco, situated at the intersection of the Anti-Atlas and High Atlas Mountains. By integrating field data with lineament mapping tools, the research identifies four major fault orientations: NNW-SSE, E-W, NE-SW, and N-S. The N-S faults, associated with the Pan-African orogeny, are the oldest structures, while the NE-SW faults, linked to the proto-Atlantic Ocean opening, dominate the region. The NNW-SSE faults, though fewer, show evidence of recent tectonic activity, highlighting the dynamic nature of the landscape. Fracture density analysis reveals a strong correlation between rock rheology and fault distribution, with the highest densities found in the Precambrian basement and Triassic formations. This underscores the role of lithological controls in fracture development. The study also identifies major discontinuities critical to understanding the region’s tectonic evolution. This multidisciplinary approach combining remote sensing and fieldwork improves the understanding of tectonic processes and offers potential applications for mineral resource exploration and geological hazard assessment. The findings provide insights into the region’s structural complexity and tectonic reactivation during the Hercynian and Alpine orogenies, making the research a valuable contribution to both geological studies and resource management.