article · International Journal of Pediatrics
Low birth weight remains a primary driver of newborn mortality, yet infant weight is infrequently recorded in rural Ethiopia. An investigation in rural Gedeo evaluated mortality rates and underlying risk factors among low birth weight newborns across eight health centres. Out of more than seventeen thousand screened live births, nearly twelve per cent had low birth weight. The mortality rate among these infants reached 110 deaths per 1,000 live births, with over forty per cent of deaths occurring during the first week of life. Elevated risk of death was linked to lack of antenatal care, maternal illness during pregnancy, assisted or caesarean delivery, prematurity, and birth weights under two kilograms. Conversely, maternal formal education served as a protective factor. Overall, the findings demonstrate that low birth weight neonates face death rates far exceeding national estimates, driven primarily by maternal complications and fetal maturity.
In settings where few newborns are routinely weighed, identifying the scale of mortality among vulnerable infants is critical for public health planning. These findings demonstrate that early neonatal survival in rural communities is intensely linked to maternal health and obstetric care. Recognising these specific hazards helps health services and funders target antenatal support, maternal education, and specialised care during the critical first week after birth.
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BACKGROUND: Even if remarkable progress has been made in reducing preventable child deaths worldwide, neonatal mortality reduction has remained unsatisfactory. Low birth weight (LBW) is the major risk factor for child deaths during the neonatal period, yet only 5% of babies are weighed at birth in Ethiopia. The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude and risk of dying among low birth weight neonates in rural Gedeo, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based mixed-method approach design was employed between September and October 2016 to identify and enroll study participants in rural Gedeo, Southern Ethiopia. Records of 17,503 live birth babies, of whom 2,065 (11.8%) had LBW, born in the last 12 months were screened to identify 885 (42.8%) biological mother-LBW neonate pairs from eight health centers. The study subjects were randomly selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with the risk of neonatal death. RESULTS: The overall neonatal mortality rate (NMR) among LBW infants was 110 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval: 75 -228). Close to half, 374 (42.3%), of the LBW neonates died during the first week of life. The estimated hazard ratios of mortality were higher among neonates whose mothers did not attend antenatal care (ANC) (HR=1.58, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.43), gave birth by assisted or cesarean delivery (HR=1.81 and 3.72; 95% CI: 1.10 - 3.02 and 2.11-6.55), and experienced some form of illness during pregnancy (HH=3.34, 95 % CI: 2.11-5.29), respectively. Similarly, neonates born with very low (<2000gm) birth weight and born prematurely (before 37 weeks of gestation) carried a higher (HR= 1.90 and 1.47; 95 % CI: 1.22 - 2.96 and 1.07-2.28) risk of death. On the other hand, maternal formal education was found to be the single protective factor (HR= 0.65,95 % CI: 0.43-0.99). CONCLUSION: Nearly one in every ten (11%) of neonates die before celebrating their firth month of life, mainly during the first week in rural Ethiopia. The risk of dying from LBW during the neonatal period is almost fourfold of the current estimated national NMR. Maternal obstetric characteristics and fetal maturity were predictors of mortality.
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DOI: 10.1155/2019/9034952
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