Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles as Enhancers of Growth and Biochemical Traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Abstract

This study investigates the role of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) in improving the growth, yield, and biochemical characteristics of cowpea variety, revealing significant treatment effects on key physiological and biochemical parameters. MgO-NPs enhanced seed germination and increased plant biomass and moisture content at mainly 25 ppm, underscoring their potential to promote vegetative growth. Chlorophyll and protein content in leaves demonstrated a dose-dependent response, with NPK fertilizer achieving the highest values, while moderate MgO-NPs concentrations (40-80 ppm) provided slight improvements over the control. Biochemical yield parameters also showed notable variation, with sugar content peaking at 62.96% under 100 ppm MgO-NPs and lipid content reaching its highest value (49.23%) at 60 ppm, suggesting optimal dosages for sugar and lipid synthesis. Fiber content remainedconsistent across treatments, indicating no effect of MgO-NPs on structural carbohydrates. These findings highlight MgO-NPs as a promising tool for enhancing crop productivity, while further research is warranted to assess their long-term effects and environmental sustainability in agricultural practices.