Magnesium hydroxide nanoneedles derived from <i>Anthocleista schweinfurthii</i> Gilg (Loganiaceae) support mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and wound healing

Abstract

Abstract Multiple metallic nanoparticles are able to promote cellular and tissue health, but these nanoparticles can be difficult to synthesize and can also cause unintended side-effects. Here, we study the effects on wounds healing and bone reparation of Mg(OH) 2 from Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) leaves (AS), which are local to the Africa region and have been used in traditional medicine to treat injuries. Mg(OH) 2 nanoneedles were synthesized from aqueous extracts of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) leaves (AS) and magnesium nitrate. The quick polydispersing and crystallized Mg(OH) 2 -metal interface was found to be covered in plant secondary metabolites. We call this compound Mg(OH) 2 -AS. Using an acute dermal toxicity experiment on animal model, we determined that Mg(OH) 2 -AS is safe for topical application. In vitro experiments suggest that Mg(OH) 2 -AS has anti-inflammatory potential, and in vivo wound healing assays in Wistar rats indicate that Mg(OH) 2 -AS can enhance wound healing. To investigate Mg(OH) 2 -AS effects on the cellular level, we used bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). In contrast to pure Mg(OH) 2 or AS, cell viability and proliferation were not impaired by Mg(OH) 2 -AS. Cell morphology remained unchanged upon media supplementation with Mg(OH) 2 -AS. Preliminary results further indicate enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in media supplied with ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone and addition of Mg(OH) 2 -AS. These findings motivate further research towards the inclusion of the material in implants for bone fracture healing.