Lung X-ray Abnormalities Related to Conventional Gold Mining Activities in Sudan: A Pilot Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traditional gold mining pollutes the world with mercury and silica dust. Silica dust causes respiratory issues, while mercury harms the kidneys and the brain. Mixed exposure can induce these effects and synergistic damage. This study examined lung abnormalities among Sudanese gold workers using radiographic patterns in a clinic-based pilot sample. METHODOLOGY: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study conducted in El-Obeid, the capital of North Kordofan State, Sudan. Candidate selection was based solely on their agreement to participate in the study, regardless of demographic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 75 men aged 20-62 participated in the study; their mean age was 32.4 years. The most commonly identified lung abnormality was lung fibrosis, followed by consolidation, both fibrosis and consolidation, and effusion, accounting for 44%, 8%, 7%, and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The observed radiographic patterns associated with traditional gold mining in Sudan are lung fibrosis, followed by consolidation. The findings primarily reflect individuals with symptoms, which could influence the observed prevalence of abnormalities associated with traditional gold mining practices that pose significant health risks, particularly among the younger population. It is essential to implement formal mining practices that enhance working conditions and provide comprehensive occupational safety training in Sudan.